Eliminating software adjustments in circuits based on digital logic improves robustness and reduces cost for small-production-run series. This circuit is a cost-improved version of classical QPSK ...

This demodulator is suitable for the quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulator previously published by the same author, "Novel Low-Cost QPSK Modulator Needs No Adjustments" (electronic design, ...

Direct modulation of a laser 1 has always been used in optical telecommunications. Although distance–capacity product capabilities using this approach have been limited, it represents a very ...